Karl Marx And Sigmund Freud Essay - 1476 Words

Among the most controversial figures of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud. The rhetoric of the first of these men, Karl Marx, both inspired revolutions in China, Russia, and Cuba, as well as led to his expulsion from Germany, France and Belgium. As for Freud, Yale history professor Peter Gay notes in his biography of the psychologist: â€Å"[He] has been called a genius, founder, master, a giant among the makers of the modern mind, and, no less emphatically, autocrat, plagiarist, fabulist, the most consummate of charlatans.† (xvi). Though Marx is perhaps best described as a political theorist and Freud a psychologist, there is a great deal of overlap in the work of the two intellectuals. Most importantly, Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx shared a fervent dissatisfaction with society and its oppressive mechanisms. Yet the source of this oppression was not a point of agreement among the two thinkers. Where Marx advocated class struggle and bourgeois domination as the main obstacles to a harmonious, peaceful society, Freud contended that the fundamental barrier to such a society is human nature itself, which, in his opinion, consists of a constant struggle between a desire for pleasure and the constraints of reality; while Marx believed that Communism could bring about societal contentment, Freud held that the pleasure which man derives from aggressiveness precludes the possibility of collective peace and, concurrently, the restraint withShow MoreRelatedHuman Nature And Four Types Of Determinism1551 Words   |  7 Pagesthe works of Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, Fredrick Hegel, B. F. Skinner, Charles Darwin, and David Eagleman, it becomes clear that humans are mainly influenced through social determinism, human evolution, and neurology, but evolutionary determinism has the most impact on human nature. Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, Fredrick Hegel, B. F. Skinner, Charles Darwin, and David Eagleman were all men who were inte rested in what particular part of a human beings life is determined for them. Sigmund Freud, born in 1856Read MoreA Comparison Of Faith And The Future Of Religion1539 Words   |  7 Pageswhich is widely disputed. Comparison of Sigmund Freud’s The Future of an Illusion and Paul Tillich’s Dynamics of Faith, fully displays the discrepancies in points of view on the function of faith, as well as the necessity of faith, in society; while the comparison of Viktor E. Frankl’s Man’s Search for Meaning and Karl Marx’s â€Å"on the Future of Religion,† demonstrate both similarities and differences on the purpose of faith. In order to understand how both Freud and Tillich would respond to each otherRead MoreThe Differences Between Extrinsic And Intrinsic Religious Expression854 Words   |  4 PagesJames’ is more interested in the self-surrender type of conversion. Extrinsic and intrinsic religious expression is related to James’s notion of conversion because James believes God is found in more inner personal experiences making it intrinsic. 2. Marx: religious suffering, â€Å"opium of the people†, â€Å"the heart of a heartless world,† Religion is a necessity for the poor to cope day to day, also believed Religion was used to control people. Religion is an evil that existed in society. Nietzsche: GodRead MoreEssay on The Goal of Functionalism in Religion1748 Words   |  7 Pagessociety. Sigmund Freud, Emile Durkheim, and Karl Marx were all functionalist who developed theories as to why religion was such a major part of their society. Their views are very different from the two theorists E.B. Tylor and James Frazer, as they believed humans were using religion to try and explain the unknowns in the world. Though all three of the men took a fundamentalist approach to religion, their theories to explain religion have some major differences between them. Sigmund Freud, who isRead MoreMarx, Mill And Freud s Critique Of Political Economy And The Communist Manifesto Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagessometimes merely implicit) notions of freedom and unfreedom we find in the texts we have read by Marx, Mill and Freud. Use the esoteric traditions we have examined thus far (from the Book of Job to Plato) as a comparative yardstick, or point of reference, but without letting th em take over the foreground in your paper -- the latter should be reserved for these three figures. Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and John Stuart Mill are three authors who tackle the topic of freedom in unique ways, but theirRead MoreFight Club By Chuck Palahniuk1442 Words   |  6 PagesMarxism is based on the concepts of Karl Marx’s theories that focuses on class relations and social conflict. 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With this view, he saw that throughout history humans had advanced mentally and culturally to reach full developmentRead More Freud Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesManifesto, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels present their view of human nature and the effect that the economic system and economic factors have on it. Marx and Engels discuss human nature in the context of the economic factors which they see as driving history. Freud, in Civilization and Its Discontents, explores human nature through his psychological view of the human mind. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marx states that history quot;...is the history of class strugglesquot; (9). Marx views historyRead MoreModernism Vs. Modernist Modernism1335 Words   |  6 Pagesnoteworthy thinkers such as Karl Marx and Sigmeud Freud played important roles in this time. Therefore, we discussed some of their more important works in class. For instance, you cannot study Marx thought without mentioning The Communist Manifesto. Similarly, Freud cannot be mentioned without his Outline of Psychoanalysis. Marx and Freud, after World War I, began to question the rationality of mankind. The difference being Marx focused primarily on political issues and Freud on psychology. Still,Read MoreAn Analysis of Cultural Influences in the 19th and 20th Centuries734 Words   |  3 Pagesphilosophical influences in that time period, Marx, Darwin, Freud, Nietzsche, and Dostoevsky each represents a decisively different view of history than the view of history previously dominant in Western culture. This paper will discuss the historical and cultural events surrounding these five thinkers and show how they shaped, concurrently with scientific developments, the course of human thought in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Karl Marx, for instance, reacted powerfully against Hegels

The Transgender Community Is An Integral Part Of The Lgbt...

The transgender community is an integral part of the LGBT community, although there are slight differences. The purpose of this paper is to bring to highlight such differences and discrimination that the transgender community faces. The Merriam Webster’s dictionary defines being transgender as â€Å"of, relating to, or being a person (as a transsexual or transvestite) who identifies with or expresses a gender identity that differs from the one which corresponds to the person s sex at birth.† Typically, this is what it entails. To put it short, someone who is transgendered is someone who does not identify with the gender they were assigned to at birth. The transgenders community makes up about an estimated 2-5% of the population, with the number of people who undergo sex reassignment being smaller. That number, compared to the general population, is very small. So why is it that around 20% of incidents resulting in the murder of transgendered people and 40% of all police initiated violence has been against transgender people? These statistics also don’t cover the violence that occurs in silence, behind closed doors. Even in a report done to record transgender violence there was a lack of clarity regarding the numbers. Although the transgender community is growing in size, not much can be said about sympathy from its cisgender counterpart. Still to this day members of the transgender community are continuously discriminated against and turned away, their basic laws andShow MoreRelatedA Review Of Gaming s Lgbt Representation1115 Words   |  5 PagesReview of Gaming’s LGBT Representation â€Å"In Qunandar, Krem would be an Aqun-Athlok. That’s what we call someone born one gender but living like another,† says The Iron Bull. â€Å"And Qunari don’t treat those Aqun people any differently than a real man?† Krem asks. â€Å"They are real men. Just like you are.† The Iron Bull finishes. Above is a conversation between two characters in Bioware’s 2014 smash hit RPG, Dragon Age Inquisition. This conversation took the transgendered community by storm. Krem, second-in-commandRead MoreState University School Of Social Work Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesequality among transgender people by allowing the amendment of legal documents to reflect the current sex after undergoing surgical procedures to change one’s sex. 2. SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM – In Ohio the law doesn’t recognize transgender surgical procedures as a justifiable reason to make changes. If a transgender man or woman undergoes surgical procedure to change their sex, Ohio will not incorporate any form of correction of sex on birth certificates. 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But, if you are a lesbian teenage adolescent, everything gets even more difficult and can lead to problems including stress, anxiety, depression and even suicide. The teen years represent a time when children begin to discover who they areRead MoreBlack Athlete5745 Words   |  23 Pagesthe effects of heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal deï ¬ nitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor LGBT individuals and families lack full citizen rights and access to needed social services as a result ofRead MoreThe Psychology Of Sexual Orientations934 Words   |  4 Pagesbe corrected. This belief, however, has been disproven by many studies. 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Focusing on the resources Black lesbian and gay families provide to the Black community, such as foster parenting and adopting Black children, mentoring runaway and throwaway Black youth and leadership on Black social justice issues, this article will demonstrate the value of Black lesbian gay families towards the larger goal of strengthening all Black families and communities. Keywords: African-American, Marriage Equality, gay, lesbian, youth, family, What is MarriageRead MoreThe Cracker Barrel And Gas Station1871 Words   |  8 Pagesstill the location of the company’s headquarters. They have expanded to over 600 company-owned stores in 42 states, employ over 60,000 employees, and can be found just off major interstate highways throughout many cities mostly in the southeastern part of the country. Cracker Barrel is widely known for its family atmosphere, southern comfort food and nostalgic country gift stores. The restaurant’s management is socially conservative and their customers tend to be traditional as well. The $2

Organizational A Commitment And Attitudes -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organizational A Commitment And Attitudes? Answer: Introducation As stated by Fu and Deshpande, (2014), social scientists have always been fascinated by the significance of job satisfaction in modern business environment. Various inferences have been drawn from the research conducted on the impact of job satisfaction on employee performance; however, sharing of knowledge has been minimum in this regard. According to Leroy, Anseel, Gardner and Sels, (2015), measuring the level of satisfaction among all the population is difficult, as comparative analysis has not been done in this respect. Identification of a problem The nature of workforce has changed significantly in the past decade where age and gender has a significant impact so measuring job satisfaction in different sectors will have different measuring indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a literature review by taking the factors affecting level of satisfaction of employees and their performance (Kryger, 2015). None of the literature has been able to examine effectively the impact of job satisfaction on employee performance in the hotel sector. Employee performance is the dependent variable in the study and previous studies show that job satisfaction is an important component of improving employee performance. This literature review will establish this relationship in respect to the hotel industry in specific. Job Satisfaction Employees play an important role in the hotel industry as they directly deal with consumers at all time and providing the customers with better experience is essential in the service industry. As stated by Zablah, Carlson, Donavan, Maxham III and Brown, (2016), management of employees in the hotel industry has always been questionable due to their long hours of work, rigid working conditions, heavy work load and lack of effective performance management system. This the reason for the increase in turnover rates in the hotel industry and employment of casual part time workers. As opined by Purpora and Blegen, (2015), affective and cognitive examination of job profile by the employees can be defined as job satisfaction. Simplifying the context, it means the level of positivity an individual feels for their respective jobs. Therefore, positive influence will create high level of job satisfaction among the employee but negative influence will have low or no satisfaction among the employee s. There are generally different factors, which either positively or negatively influences the level of satisfaction among the employees such as compensation, benefits, performance appraisal, performance management, rewards, recognitions, working environment and leadership. Casual employment has increased significantly especially in the service industry and this especially done to increase flexibility and reduce cost. The hotel industry experiences seasonality in a particular period in each fiscal year and employment of casual employee during this period is the highest. Despite having advantages, these types of recruitments have their own set of demerits as they lack commitment to the organization, which increases the turnover rate. As stated by Khamisa, Oldenburg, Peltzer and Ilic, (2015), the highest level of turnover has been experienced in the hotel industry in Australia and some of the organizations have accepted this policy by naming it as turnover culture. On the contrary, Lu, Lu, Gursoy and Neale, (2016) states, that high turnover in an organization affects the employee morale, service quality and profits. Therefore, in order to maintain the quality of service policies are required for increasing their job satisfaction level. Job Satisfaction Theory Affect theory (1976) is the one of the most famous known model for evaluating job satisfaction. The discrepancy between the desires of the job requirement and the present things that the employee is receiving can be defined as the main premise of this theory (Huang et al., 2016). It is also defines the different of facets of job role and its impact on the employees when their desired expectation are being met and vice versa. When employees value a particular facet of work highly, then both positive impact and negative impact of such factors are much greater that that other factors. Illustrating through an examples, suppose two causal employees are working in a hotel, one values compensation where the other values recognition. Therefore, the first employee will be indifferent towards recognition whereas the second employee will be indifferent towards compensation. However, it may happen both the facets affect the employees but their level of impact is different for different employees . Factors affecting Job Satisfaction As stated by Yousef, (2017), compensation, benefits, performance appraisal, performance management, rewards, recognitions, working environment and leadership are the different factors, which affect the level of satisfaction of the employees in the industry. Compensation According to Cascio, (2018), compensation package of the causal will determine their level of commitment towards the organization. The work culture in the hotel industry is rough and it is difficult for the employees to sustain for them. As stated by the affect theory, different facets will different level of importance for different persons. Therefore, the employees that are driven my compensation or salary will require timely salary and regular increment salary to remain satisfied with their job. The casual employees lack satisfaction motivation due to the fact they are not paid on the same scale and they know that they will leave on their own and will be forced to leave due to the circumstances. The organization is unable to develop a sense of belongingness among the part-time employees as most of them consider them o be dispensable. Benefits Benefits can be both financial and non-financial which are provided to the employees so that maintain the balance between their work and personal life. The financial benefits will consist of allowances and incentives whereas the non-financial benefits will consist of medical benefits (Bal De Lange, 2015). The causal employees in the hotel industry are not provided equal benefits as the permanent employees so they level of satisfaction is less among these employees. Performance appraisal and management Performance appraisal and management is an effective way of examining the level of performance of the employees and at the same time implementing effective measures to increase their level of performance. The employees in the hotel industry have to continuously deal with customers and providing the customer with best possible experience is important (Murphy, Cleveland Hanscom, 2018). Therefore, regular monitoring and evaluating the performances of the workforce is necessary for gaining competitive advantage in the market. Training and development is an essential part of the performance management system where the employees learn new skills to grow at individual level. However, most of the casual employees in the hotel industry are provided with basic training so they feel stagnated working in the industry after a certain period. Rewards and recognition Rewards and recognition is an important type of incentive provided to employees to motivate them, which provides them satisfaction with the job role they are performing. The casual employees are less committed to the operations because they are provided with rewards and recognition for fewer occasions (Imran, Ahmad, Nisar Ahmad, 2014). There are two types of motivating factors, one is intrinsic and other is extrinsic. Rewards and recognition deal with the intrinsic factor and is a major contributor for increasing the level of motivation of the employees. on the other hand, employee motivation comes from job satisfaction so these intrinsic factors play an important in influencing the level of satisfaction of all types of employees. Leadership and Working environment As stated by Slater, (2015), leadership style is essential for developing an effective work culture which is determined by the different policies implemented to benefit the employees. There are different styles of leadership, however, according to the contingency theory; there is no correct form of leadership. All successful leaders use different types of leadership styles depending upon the situation and the requirement. In hotel industry, autocratic type of leadership is very common. Therefore, there is high level of dissatisfaction and turnover rates among the employees in the organizations. Employee performance According to Shields, et al., (2015), employee performance is a multi dimensional construct of achieving the organizational goals, which means that it has strong link to strategy. Employee performance can be defined as the effective of the execution of the activities in the job role of an employee. Anitha, (2014) states, that the value of the behavioral episodes of the employees to the organization is known as employee performance. Employee performance is one of the essential components for the organization as the sustainability and success of the organization rests upon it. Especially in the hotel, industry where the whole industry is dependent on the quality of the service provided to the customers. The employees have a regular interaction with their clients, which means that they will have to provide their best performance, but it is quite difficult to reproduce the level of service one is providing to the consumers, as service is intangible in nature. Therefore, assessing employe e performance on regular interval is essential for improving the performance level of employees. In case of casual employees, performance level does not matter as they have other priories that rank higher than their job performance. Employee performance Theory As stated by Shields et al., (2015), Hertzberg and Maslow have focused on internal needs of the employees but on the other hand, Vroom Expectancy theory distinguishes between effort, outcomes and performance. According to the expectancy theory, the employee decisions are based on their desire to minimize pain and maximize pleasure. The performances of the employees are affected by factors such as skills, abilities, personalities, abilities and knowledge. The variables taken into account in this theory are instrumentality, valence and expectancy. Expectancy is the conviction that increases in the performance is directly proportional to the increase in efforts. Therefore, essential factors such as skills, resources and support is necessary for improving the performance of the employees (Malik, Butt Choi, 2015). Instrumentality states that the nature of the effort will determine the outcome. Valence states the level of importance a persona gives to the outcome, Suppose if the person is heavily motivated by money, extra time off will have less effect on that person. Perception is crucial in expectancy theory as even though the employer may think that it work on all the employees but there will many employees unaffected by the policies implemented to improve employee performance. Therefore, these theory expects the employers to take the individual needs of the employees into account if they want to improve the level of performance of the whole workforce. Factors affecting employee performance The different factors affecting employee performance are leadership, coaching, empowerment, motivation, participation and organizational culture. As opined Guan Frenkel, (2017), leadership is an aspect, which will influence all the organizational processes, and in this context, it is seen that leadership will have an impact on job satisfaction and employee performance as they are heavily linked with other. Leadership Leadership is essential for influencing the workforce to perform at their fullest capabilities. As the employees in the hotel sector are constantly dealing with clients, an effective leader is needed to motivate the employees at all times (R?ducan R?ducan, 2014). The behavior and attitude of a leader will determine the ways of dealing with their subordinates. The organization have the option of handling their employees in a different ways, some prefer to motivate them while other pressurize them to perform. Coaching Coaching is an important component of improving employee performance as two way communication is needed for understanding the needs of the employees and helping them to overcome their liabilities effectively (Garvey, Garvey, Stokes, Megginson, 2017). The workforces in modern organizations are diverse, having different needs so it is essential for the managers to understand their issues and mitigate them to improve their level of performance. Coaching enables the employees to overcome the barriers they are facing at an organizational level so that they can maximize their level of output. Empowerment and participation Empowerment deals with process of providing employees with power of making decisions and be responsible for the results. Therefore, providing the employees with proper training so they are able to use the authority given to them in effective way is another way of addressing empowerment. Moreover, it is essential to provide the employees with some degree of power so that they can grow at an organization level. Therefore, by providing the employees the opportunity of choosing their won way of proceeding with the task there is a level of boost in their morale that will have definite affect their level of performance. As stated by (Lamm, Tosti-Kharas King, 2015), empowerment has been studied by many researchers that claim that empowerment ash the potential of enhancing task commitment, organizational performance, innovation, job satisfaction, learning, job responsibilities and improvement in organizational culture. It is seen that in most of the industries the empowerment initiatives ha ve been applied in some way or the other. However, the same cannot be said about the hotel industry where the use of empowerment has been minimum. According to (Li, Chiaburu Kirkman, 2017), empowerment is the most effective way of increasing employee motivation, commitment and satisfaction. Moreover, by sharing the power of decision making with the employees, the organization will have the time and resources to focus on the strategic decisions. This increases the level of participation of the employees within the organization decision making. This will enable them to discuss the issues freely with management so that an effective business model could be developed. Motivation As stated by Pinder, (2014), motivation is the most effective way of improving the level of performance of the employees. The different motivational theories suggest the fulfilling the needs of the employees will increase their level of motivation that will in turn increase their job performance. However, as most of the motivational theories have been formulated a long time ago, those factors needs may not hold true for most of the employees. However, it is necessary to identify the needs of the employees depending upon their diversity so that they can be motivated to perform at their full potential. Organizational culture Organizational culture is the behavior and values set by the employees, which can be used as a tool for fulfilling the organizational goals. The values, behavior and beliefs of the employees will be diverse in modern organizations, as it will consist of employees with diverse culture background. According to (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015), developing string organizational culture is important for achieving the long-term and short term goals of the organizations. This increases the level of flexibility within the organization by providing them with the capability of adapting to different market situations. Relationship between Job Satisfaction and employee Performance Job satisfaction is a key reason any employee is joining any organization. The performance of the employees is completely dependent on the factor of satisfaction with their job. Job satisfaction provides enough amount of motivation to the Employees and apart from that there are some elements that are crucial in providing job satisfaction to the Employees. job satisfaction can be considered a positive vibe that has the ability of extracting excellent performances from the employees working in any organization (Fu Deshpande, 2014). Thus, it can be easily said that job satisfaction is the backbone of any organization. Employee performance enhancement requires the creation of a positive environment within the organization, which can ultimately lead to complete job satisfaction of the employees. Creation of this environment can include different elements like rewards, incentives, motivation and so on, which can ultimately lead and contribute to better employee performance within the orga nization. Ultimately, a satisfied employee will prompt a satisfied client. at the end of the day it is the employees who take forward the organization. Better job satisfaction can lead to better productivity; reduce turnover, improved attendance, reduced unionization and mischances. Therefore, a happy worker is a productive worker, Literature gap This literature review is based on the findings of the data gathered from the secondary sources and has not been compared with primary data so an important dimension of the study is missing. Most of the literatures have not been able to define the measuring parameters of job satisfaction and employee performance. However, this literature is only applicable to the hotel industry and casual employees in the organization. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded, job satisfaction is essential for improving employee performance and different factors of job satisfaction may have both positive and negative influence. However, it can be said there is positive correlation between job satisfaction and employee performance, which means the increase in effectiveness of job satisfaction, will increase the performance of the casual employees. References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management,63(3), 308. Bal, P. M., De Lange, A. H. (2015). From flexibility human resource management to employee engagement and perceived job performance across the lifespan: A multisample study.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,88(1), 126-154. Cascio, W. (2018).Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Fernandez, S., Moldogaziev, T. (2015). Employee empowerment and job satisfaction in the US Federal Bureaucracy: A self-determination theory perspective.The American review of public administration,45(4), 375-401. Fu, W., Deshpande, S. P. (2014). The impact of caring climate, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on job performance of employees in a Chinas insurance company.Journal of Business Ethics,124(2), 339-349. Garvey, B., Garvey, R., Stokes, P., Megginson, D. (2017).Coaching and mentoring: Theory and practice. Sage. Guan, X., Frenkel, S. J. (2017, January). How HR Practice, Work Engagement and Job Crafting Influence Employee Performance. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 10547). Academy of Management. Huang, Y. H., Lee, J., McFadden, A. C., Murphy, L. A., Robertson, M. M., Cheung, J. H., Zohar, D. (2016). Beyond safety outcomes: An investigation of the impact of safety climate on job satisfaction, employee engagement and turnover using social exchange theory as the theoretical framework.Applied ergonomics,55, 248-257. Imran, A., Ahmad, S., Nisar, Q. A., Ahmad, U. (2014). Exploring relationship among rewards, recognition and employees job satisfaction: A descriptive study on libraries in Pakistan.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,21(9), 1533-1540. Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K., Ilic, D. (2015). Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses.International journal of environmental research and public health,12(1), 652-666. Kryger, T. (2015).Casual employment in Australia: A quick guide. Parliamentary Library. Lamm, E., Tosti-Kharas, J., King, C. E. (2015). Empowering employee sustainability: Perceived organizational support toward the environment.Journal of Business Ethics,128(1), 207-220. Leroy, H., Anseel, F., Gardner, W. L., Sels, L. (2015). Authentic leadership, authentic followership, basic need satisfaction, and work role performance: A cross-level study.Journal of Management,41(6), 1677-1697 Li, N., Chiaburu, D. S., Kirkman, B. L. (2017). Cross-level influences of empowering leadership on citizenship behavior: Organizational support climate as a double-edged sword.Journal of Management,43(4), 1076-1102. Lu, L., Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., Neale, N. R. (2016). Work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions: A comparison between supervisors and line-level employees.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(4), 737-761. Malik, M. A. R., Butt, A. N., Choi, J. N. (2015). Rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of creative self?efficacy, reward importance, and locus of control.Journal of Organizational Behavior,36(1), 59-74. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Murphy, K. R., Cleveland, J. N., Hanscom, M. E. (2018).Performance Appraisal and Management. SAGE Publications. Ozguner, Z., Ozguner, M. (2014). A managerial point of view on the relationship between of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's dual factor theory.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(7). Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Purpora, C., Blegen, M. A. (2015). Job satisfaction and horizontal violence in hospital staff registered nurses: the mediating role of peer relationships.Journal of clinical nursing,24(15-16), 2286-2294. R?ducan, R., R?ducan, R. (2014). Leadership and management.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,149, 808-812. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Slater, S. (2015). Leadership Style Strategic Management: An Analysis of Hierarchical Influence. InMarketing Dynamism Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same(pp. 135-135). Springer, Cham. Yousef, D. A. (2017). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and attitudes toward organizational change: a study in the local government.International Journal of Public Administration,40(1), 77-88. Zablah, A. R., Carlson, B. D., Donavan, D. T., Maxham III, J. G., Brown, T. J. (2016). A cross-lagged test of the association between customer satisfaction and employee job satisfaction in a relational context.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(5), 743.

Tianamen Square Essays - Language, Communication Design, Writer

Tianamen Square Tiananmen Square is where thousands of Chinese people gathered to try to overthrow the Chinese government. Every writer there witnessed and viewed this event in his or her own way. The writers different versions contradicted so much the audience had every reason to be confused over what really happened. The goal of these writers was to persuade the audience to see this event the way the writer saw it. This event in history can show readers how one event that happened only one way, can be told in many different ways. The Beijing Review interviewed a Chinese Military Official, naturally his story will favor the Chinese government. The leaders of the revolt were referred to as bad people; these bad people were accused of influencing the students and viewers to shamefully overthrow the government. This official also said that their losses were great because of the good mingling with the bad, this caused a mass state of confusion resulting in personal loss. He then made it look like the government assault on the people was necessary, and this showed the integrity of the people's army. A writer for the New York Times wrote from a neutral perspective. This writer didn't take a side or judge either group. The writer just gave a story from what he or she eye witnessed. This version was descriptive and filled with facts. The writer also explains why the revolt was taking place. Compare Contrast 2 The Military Official sided with the government, and the New York Times Writer was neutral. The Official labeled people the Times writer did not. The Official used his opinions in his version. The Times writer used facts to demonstrate his or her eye witnessed account. Both writers wrote about things they saw during the event to prove a point, like when the tank drivers were forced from safety by fire then beaten when they would evacuate. After all the versions were viewed the audience couldn't help but be confused over this event. Every different writer told the story of this event his or her way. Some of the writers took sides others stayed neutral. Reading different versions of a story can confuse the reader and misguide him of her from the truth. The reader must always realize what he or she is reading can be misleading.

Napster1 essays

Napster1 essays In order to find out why problem arouse in music industry around the Napster, we need to find out what is Napster? Napster is a database program that located on a computer server in San Mateo, CA. Napster community have more than 38 million users. Each of these 38 million users include in their computers variety of songs in MP3 format. The songs range from every musical type from classical to rap. Consumers use compact discs to make their own MP3 files, and then add them to their shared music profile in their Napster software. Again, Napster does not hold the copyrighted material on their servers; it is stored on the computer of users. The people are controlling what music they share among each other. Napster has a disclaimer on its transfer page warning people not to break copyright laws. Napster also has the right to prevent anyone from using their database service if they are found to have broken the copyright laws. I believe that people should be able to download music off Napster because it's just like the VCR, radio, and tape, it is a good way to promote music and a way for new artists to be heard. According to David Grohl (napster.com) "it's the same as turning on the radio." You listen to different songs, except you choose which ones you want to listen to. If they shut down Napster, will they shut down the radio? You're doing the same thing on Napster that you would do at the concert. It's just more suitable to do it in your own home. Why would artists want to ban Napster when it promotes their music? Napster could help people hear your new songs and if they like them you'll make money and become famous. In addition, according to Madonna "Napster could be a great way for people to hear your music who wouldn't have the chance to hear it on the radio." Chuck D, (napster.com) says, "We should think of Napster as a kind of radioa promotional tool that can help artists who don't have their musi c played on mainstream radio ...

Armistad essays

Armistad essays The Suitability of the Music in Amistad I watched the movie Amistad, directed by Steven Spielberg. This movie is a drama about a historical event. The La Amistad was a slave ship. In 1839 a group of Africans who were captured and being transported on the Amistad revolted and killed the crew aboard. They are recaptured and put on trial in America. The score for the film was composed and produced by John Williams. He is a staple in the film industry. Some of his many other film scores included Raiders of the Lost Ark, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Schindlers List, to just name a few. The music in Amistad is orchestral. There is a heavy use of strings, flutes, drums and trumpets. Some traditional West African Chants are sprinkled throughout the film as well. The songs composed by John Williams include: Dry Your Tears Africa, Sierra Leone, 1839 and the Capture of Cinque, Crossing the Atlantic, Cinques Theme, Cinques Memories of Home, Middle Passage, The Long Road to Justice, July 4, 1839, Mr. Adams Takes the Case, La Amistad Remembered, The Liberation of Lomboko, Adams Summation, and Going Home. I do not know the genre of the music, but it is described in an article, on , as ...the drum rhythms of Africa and, on the other side of the ledger, early 19th century American music... It appears to me that John Williams composed the music directly around the movie. I felt that each piece of music suited the movie well. Two different versions of Dry Your Tears Africa are used once early in the film with the accompanying vocals and a quieter version towards the end of the film. This song invokes strong emotions about the plight of the Africans. Some of the other songs in the movie represent music that may have been heard during that period. Again I felt it was used well to create an emotional response to what I was watching. ...

Persuasive writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Persuasive writing - Essay Example This would give the victim the right to live a life of dignity and the freedom (End the total abortion ban in Nicaragua, 2010; Feldman, 1998). Rape leaves a lasting impact on the mind of women due to the agonizing physical and mental turmoil that she undergoes during the event. She requires a strong support and the right counseling to help her come out of the situation. Apart from the counseling it is extremely essential to check the women medically for veneral disease and pregnancy. If there is no conception the women should be given suitable medication to prevent fertilization. However, in case of a pregnancy the women should be given a moral right to decide whether she wishes to continue the pregnancy. Experts have suggested many reasons for supporting this right such as rape is a violation of the women’s right and dignity, it is enforced on the women and not conjugal, and the women cannot be held responsible for the act. Despite the overall consensus that it is morally incorrect to kill innocent people and that a fetus is innocent which has not committed any crime, many people believe that abortion is completely a private matter which should be left to the discretion of the mother. In cases of pregnancy due to rape this right of the mother is further justified. This is because women of all ages could be subjected to rape. In most of the cases, young girls are targeted and when they become pregnant later on it is almost impossible for them to bear and support the child at that young age (De Bruyn, 2002). In addition there are several health related complications associated with pregnancy at such a young age both for the mother and the child. The child could be born with a low-weight and the mother could suffer from various complications during the delivery. In addition to the turmoil due to the rape, carrying the child of a man who committed the brutal crime

An Exercise in Market Orientation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

An Exercise in Market Orientation - Essay Example Thru the evolution of time, the rudiments became to be more complex as taxes, trade caravans and other forms of business negotiations began to take shape. It does not necessarily follow that our business concepts today are different from past practices. Indeed, some of the elements of modern business and marketing practices that we know of today were actually practiced as early as the time of the Ancient Greeks, the Phoenicians and the Venetian traders. The marketing concept now commonly dubbed as the market orientation finds its first proponent in Adam Smith when he forwarded the notion that the customer should be the focus of the business in the 1700's. However, it was only in the 1960s when the marketing concept was reintroduced. Nevertheless, from a short span of time, it has become the philosophical foundation for marketing academics and practitioners alike. As we have said earlier, the term 'market orientation' was originally known as 'marketing concept'. There were many who advocated customer satisfaction as the primary objective of business (Drucker 1954, Keith 1960, Levitt 1960). However, the doctrine has been more of an article of faith than a practical basis for managing a business (Day 1994). Thru the works of Kohli and Jaworski (1990), the term 'marketing concept' was differentiated from 'market orientation' with the former being a business philosophy whereas the later refers to the actual implementation of the marketing concept. 1.3 Other Business Orientations There are other business orientations aside from marketing orientation. These are Sales orientation and Production orientation. Market orientation, however, was tagged as superior among the group. In this paper, we proceed to define what Market Orientation is (i.e. its structures, focus, processes) and compare it to the other business orientations. 2. Comparing Business Orientations 2.1 Definition and Focus A marketing oriented firm is one where strategic decisions are driven by the wants and needs of the customers. We can only speculate that it is the driving logic behind the formulation of the saying that "the customer is always right". All aspects of the firm are designed to systematically respond and create customer value. Later on in this paper, we will be discussing a market oriented company. (Narver and Slater, 1990) The concept of marketing orientation was reintroduced and developed in the late 1960s by scholars of the Harvard University with the participation of a number of companies. (Tutor2u.Net, 2006) A marketing oriented firm has the following characteristics: Extensive use of marketing research Broad product lines Emphasis on a product's benefits to customers rather than on product attributes Use of product innovation techniques The offering of ancillary services like credit availability, delivery, installation, and warranty A production oriented firm is concerned primarily with production, manufacturing, and efficiency issues and was eminent during the 1950's period. The basic notion behind this concept is best expressed by French economist Jean-Baptiste Says who forwarded the notion that 'supply creates its own demand'. Simply put, the concept revolves around the notion that if a product is made, somebody will

Potato Tuber Lab Essay Example for Free

Potato Tuber Lab Essay Introduction: Osmosis is a form of diffusion in which water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration. This form of diffusion takes place when the molecules in high concentration are too large to move through the membrane. Three factors that determine cell membrane permeability are shape, size, and polarity. For this experiment, it must be kept in mind that sucrose is not permeable to the cell membrane, for it is too large to pass through. The cell membrane functions to protect, separate, and regulate what goes in and out of a cell. It also allows cells to control their internal chemical environment and the availability of important materials. In a hypertonic solution, there is a greater concentration of solute inside a cell compared to another solution (water will flow from out of the potato cells and the mass will decrease). In a hypotonic solution, there is a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution (water will flow into the potato cells and the mass will increase). In this potato tuber lab experiment, the weight of each potato tuber after being sliced into thin disks and rinsed was taken and recorded. The potato disks were then individually placed in sucrose solutions for exactly an hour, each cup being swirled every ten minutes. At the end of the hour, each group of potato tuber slices was weighed a second time to determine if there was a change in mass due to the sucrose solution. The percent change in weight among the different potato tubings was determined in order to confirm or deny our hypotheses. My null hypothesis was that the potato would not be affected by the sucrose solution, the osmotic concentration would neither increase nor decrease, therefore there would be no change in mass seen. My alternate hypothesis was that the potato would be affected by the sucrose solution (final mass) by having a higher or a lower osmotic concentration than the initial mass, therefore there will be a change in mass seen. Results: The initial weight of the sliced potato tubers ranged from 4.4g to 5.4g. The final weight of the sliced and soaked potato tubers ranged from 3.6g to 5.7g. These results show that the 0.1 solution of sucrose was hypotonic, causing the sliced potato pieces to gain mass, as to where the remaining solutions of sucrose (.00, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were hypertonic, causing the sliced potato pieces to lose mass. This shows that the potato tubers were affected by the sucrose solutions. This conclusion is represented in the graph given below. Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the osmotic concentration of sucrose within the potato tuber slices. Upon coming up with the final results of the experiment, the osmotic concentration of sucrose was calculated to be .06M. For this experiment, an isotonic solution will have a molarity of .06M, as the best fit line hits the x axis at .06M. In comparison, a hypotonic solution will have a concentration ranging from 0 M to .06M, and a hypertonic solution will have a concentration ranging from .06M or higher. This caused me to accept the alternate hypothesis and reject the null hypothesis; therefore, the potato was affected by the sucrose solution as we saw a change in mass of the potato tuber slices.

Life of Euripides :: Biography Biographies Essays

Life of Euripides    Euripides, the last of the great tragedians, lived a life filled with controversy and moral issues that influenced, as well as appalled, many people of his time. Throughout the centuries he has gained more acceptance in the literary circles as well as in the eyes of the public. It is difficult to write about his life only because he lived so long ago and there are many different opinions and theories as to what is factual and what is not. What is known about his life, and how he lived it, has remained an interesting topic. What his work influenced and who followed his ideas have contributed to his lasting popularity. His life was filled with triumphs and controversies that contributed to his greatness. It is this greatness that people have followed for over the last two thousand years.    Euripides was born on the island of Salamis around 480 B.C. However, a Parian marble states that his birth was in 485 B.C (Bates 5). He was born into a somewhat rich family and was educated in the arts (as in painting) and trained in athletics. He began to write around the age of eighteen and became interested in philosophy soon after. Many people considered his ideas and thoughts as being too controversial for the time period. Euripides wrote on subjects such as religion, injustice, the gods and women. Being the free thinker that he was, these topics were considered socially abnormal.    Euripides often wrote of socially insignificant people like women and slaves while giving them god-like powers. He often made his women characters evil by making them violent Medea. The more taboo subject of incest was brought into his plays also. Euripides wrote many great plays during his lifetime, yet he was constantly beaten in the State competitions. The official judges of the competitions were against him because he did not cater to the views and opinions of the Athenian crowds. Throughout his life he only won five awards, and the fifth one was not awarded until after his death (www.imagi-nation.com). He was under constant criticism from others about his tragedies. One well-known critic was Aristophanes, who constantly spoke negatively about Euripides ( Bates 7). He wrote Women at the Thesmophoria, which was about the murder of Euripides, and Frogs, in which Euripides was parodied again.    The plays of Euripides had influenced many other authors over the years.

Summarise the Key Aspects of Current Legistative Requirements and Codes of Practice

PREPARING TO TEACH IN THE LIFE LONG LEARNING SECTOR CITY AND GUILDS, LEVEL 4, 7303 Q2; SUMMARISE THE KEY ASPECTS OF CURRENT LEGISTATIVE REQUIREMENTS AND CODES OF PRACTICE RELEVANT TO YOUR SUBJECT AND THE TYPE OF ORGANISATION WITHIN WHICH YOU WOULD LIKE TO WORK. I work within the Private Security Industry for a medium sized company and am employed as a Training Manager. The company mainly provides Retail Security; this includes Uniformed Officers, Store Detectives and providing Loss Prevention Training.As a company we also cater for Commercial and Industrial work. There is currently a team of three trainers that operate throughout the UK. We can be called on to train in many subjects the core of our work is classroom based with the Basic Job Training relevant to the field the Officer may go into. We also provide training for up-skilling the Officers and for Management and Supervisors in their roles and responsibilities. The Security Industry is overseen and regulated by The Security I ndustry Authority (SIA) and the Private security Industry Act 2001 (PSIA).PSIA is the overriding legislation which states that anyone employed within the private contract security field will have to hold a currant Security licence, Front Line Operational Staff, None Front Line Company directors, Part of the requirement laid down by this legislation is that for an individual to gain a front line licence they must attend and pass the basic job programme for the sector they wish to work in. â€Å"It is essential that individuals working in the private security industry undergo a structured training programme that results in a recognised qualification†. SIA website on training 13th November 2009) This is being redefined in 2010 and becoming a basic programme with core modules on sector specifics. However as a company we also cover parts of the United Kingdom and as such we have to comply with the different requirements for example, PSIA 2001 (Designated Activities) (Scotland) Ord er 2007. PSIA 2001 (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 2009. Codes of practice have been adopted by the SIA in regards to these individual sectors and have been derived from the relevant British standards which can be found in appendix 1.When looking to teach in an security environment it soon becomes clear that there are many other things to consider other than just taking a group of students for a lesson, not least the â€Å"The Health and safety at work act 1974† protecting others against risks to health and safety in connection with the activities taking place. Taking into account one’s own behaviour and responsibilities as a teacher, ensuring the safety of the students within the classroom or work place. See appendix 2 The Data Protection Act 1998 also has an impact on working life and habits within the security sector.In your role in lifelong learning you will therefore need to adhere to legislation outlined above. There are many more legislations that I have to be aware of while teaching. It is important that I keep up to date with these legislations and part of my responsibility is to make sure that they are been adhered to and I know what procedure to follow if this is not the case. REFERENCE LIST www. sia. homeoffice. gov. uk/home www. shop. bsigroup. com/ Word count not including question and bibliography 487 Appendix 1BS 7499:2007 Code of Practice for Static Site Guarding, Mobile Patrol Services Recommendations for the management, staffing and operation of an organisation providing manned guarding services on a static and/or mobile patrol basis. (http://shop. bsigroup. com/en/ProductDetail/? pid=000000000030147282) BS 7984:2008 Code of Practice for Keyholding and Response Services Recommendations for the management, staffing and operation of an organisation providing keyholding and response services on a contracted basis.

Nursing Roles and Value Task 1

Nursing Roles and Value Western Governors University Nursing Roles and Value NVT2 Competency 724. 7. 1 Ethical Leadership Competency 724. 7. 2 Continuing Competency in Nursing Marisha Grimley Course Mentor March 04, 2012 Nursing Roles and Value The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a case study addressing ethical leadership, analyzing application of standardized code of ethics on nursing practice, and discussing issues in safety for quality patient care.This paper will support the importance of confidentiality when discussing protected patient information. In addition, the need for continuing education and training for nursing through identification of Federal and State regulations as applied to nursing practice will be addressed. The discussion will touch on how these regulations are applied in specific care settings and the professional role of nursing in the ever changing health care delivery system.State regulation or standard of nurse practice The contemporary definition of n ursing according to the Scope and Standards of Practice (2010) is: â€Å"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. † (p. 66).According to the Standards of professional Nursing Practice, this scenario violates nursing Standard 7 – Ethics which states: â€Å"The registered Nurse: Delivers care in a manner that preserves and protects healthcare consumers’ autonomy, dignity, rights, values, and beliefs. † (The Standard of professional Performance, 2010, p. 47). The nurse does not follow the standards of practices leading to the several implications. When asked by Dr K. to look in the chart to determine if anyone was responsible for Mr.E’s medical decision making, the nurse failed to inform Dr K that the patient had an Advan ce Directive (AD) that specified he not be placed on a ventilator or have cardiopulmonary resuscitation. By not bringing forward this information the nurse did not fulfill her duty of protecting the patient’s autonomy. She ignored the AD that Mr. E, despite being a mildly developmentally delayed, had put into place before this hospital admission. Mr. E accomplished this task with the help of the nursing home patient advocate thus providing documentation about his medical wishes.Seven years prior, Mr. E had shown the ability to make his own health care decisions. He chose the pathway of his care by checking himself into a nursing home. The nurse assumed, because the provider had stated that the patient was hypoxic (88% room air is hypoxic), that Mr. E could not make his own medical decision. Mr. E verbalized understanding of what his progression of care would be by stating to Dr. K, shaking his head and saying â€Å"Go away! No! No! Take me home. † In this instance, the nurse did not act as a patient advocate.The nurse should have relayed this information to Dr. K. If Dr. K had insisted that the patient was in an impaired hypoxic state, the nurse should have reported the situation to her immediate nursing supervisor who could have intervened as a patient advocate, working to insure that the patient’s wishes be granted. The nurse’s failure to act as a patient advocate and respect Mr. E’s right to self-determination resulted in the patient being intubated and placed on a ventilator against his wishes. The nurse also failed to uphold a patient right to confidentiality.She violated the Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) confidentiality laws. The nurse did not speak up and question the provider when the patient’s wishes were being questioned, leading to the patient’s rights, values and beliefs being disregarded. Nursing Code of Ethics by ANA The nurse violated more than one provision f rom the Nursing Code of Ethics. One of the provisions that apply to this case study is provision 3, which states: â€Å"The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety and rights of the patient. (Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2010, p. 16). The impact on a professional decision, according to provision 3, would be that the nurse should have provided a private place for the doctor to discuss the case with the family member. Furthermore, the nurse cannot breach the fiduciary duty of confidentiality by allowing the provider to speak with a family member that was not part of the power of attorney. As well, the nurse has to remember that it is a breach of confidentiality and trust when she speaks with others, such as colleagues in a cafeteria that are not involved with the patient’s care.The ethical implications caused by placing Mr. E on a respirator were that the patient’s right of deciding his own path of treatment was violated. The patient Bill of Rights (Roux & Halstead, 2009) allows the patient to refuse medical treatment. Like every individual, Mr. E. has the power of controlling the type of care given to him, along with having control to make decisions that influence self without interference of others. Mr. E, through narrative ethics, had set his healthcare decision precedents. He had made his wishes known by signing an AD. Once Mr.E was intubated further ethical considerations will surface because he may be ventilator dependent or he may die from ventilator induced complications. These possibilities would be avoided by adhering to his original AD. In order to give ethical consideration to this decision, before agreeing with his brother’s intubation and placement on the ventilator, Mr. Y should have requested that all the facts be made available to him. Through the manner in which the case scenario is presented, Mr. Y is not involved in Mr. E’s life decisions even though he is entrusted with Mr. Eâ€℠¢s final life decisions.Any hospitalization is a stressful situation for all parties, the patient and family. In this scenario it is even more stressful because it is a life and death decision. Mr. Y’s brother is diabetic with a history of high blood pressure. Mr. Y has to face the ethical issues of quality of life versus quantity of life in deciding to follow his brother’s wishes or not. Mr. Y most likely did not understand a lot of what was happening and may have felt that it was too heavy a decision to let his brother die if no heroic measures were taken. Mt. Y asked for his niece’s opinion, indicating Mr.Y’s inability to make a decision. As a patient advocate, the nurse should engage in multidisciplinary support to help family understand the legal aspects and obligation of the power of attorney in making life end decisions and the legal obligations of the Advance Directives. Nurse must be firm in stressing these considerations to family so they may re alize the full legal and ethical implications of their decisions. The importance of end of life issues and decisions are now being discussed at the time of admission to most acute care and long term acute care facilities.More attention is being placed on these specific decisions to ensure that the patient's quality of life is considered and maintained even when death may be eminent. It is necessary to keep in mind that Mr. E may have been hypoxic, but he had not shown any signs of not being able to make decisions. The scenario does not describe Mr. E exhibiting any signs of advance hypoxia, such as an altered metal state, cyanosis, tachypnea, cardiac arrhythmias or coma. Mr. E verbalized his disagreement to the procedure by saying â€Å"Go away! No! No! Take me home. † Factors that complicate Mr. E’s advance directivesThe validity of Mr. E’s AD is not in question. The State of California has a specific form for AD that describes the necessary steps for the AD to be valid. (Form: PS-X-MHS-842 Rev. 2-04). The AD may be questioned in California if the nursing home did not follow the guidelines printed on the form. It requires that a nursing home patient advocate or ombudsman, as designated by the State Department of Aging, is present to witness the completion and signing of the AD. The AD does not require the presence of a notary, but requires the presence of two witnesses who sign the AD on the same day as the person making the AD.Mr. E is mildly developmentally delayed; a condition such as this is not a factor which would complicate his ability to have a valid AD. AD and Advance Care Planning for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities was addressed by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (HSS, October, 2007). In 2003, a study that assessed the capability of people with a mild mental disability concluded that adults with mild retardation have the ability to provide adequate consent for their own medical decisions.Th is led the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), in 2005 to take the following position regarding end of life: â€Å"Permissible treatment options at the end of life are the same for persons with intellectual or developmental disabilities as for everyone else. † (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, October 2007, p. 13). A factor that complicates the AD is the Power of Attorney given to his brother, Mr. Y. Mr. Y was asked to make an end of life decision for his brother, Mr. E, without the knowledge of the AD.The case scenario notes that â€Å"no family member signed the advance directive and it is unclear if any family member were involved. † Mr. Y was unaware of Mr. E’s AD, made seven years prior, that Mr. E did to avoid having heroic medical procedures performed on himself if should he be in a condition that precluded him from verbalizing his desires. Advance, meaning the wishes are written in advance, before th e situations arise for which the wishes have made. Directives meaning giving, directing the actions of others that are empowered to make the decisions.The lack of communication between Mr. E and Mr. Y created the stressful situation. The nurse’s decision to withhold her knowledge of Mr. E’s AD from other individuals involved in Mr. E’s care led to inappropriate treatment. HIPAA violations HIPAA is violated when information is given to anyone who does not have participation in the care of patient. Patient information can be shared by an entity for the purpose of TPO. TPO is described as release of information pertaining to patients own treatment, payment, and health care operations activities.Knowing how protected health information can be used and disclosed, a HIPAA violation occurred in the following instances. Dr. K discussed Mr. E’s condition with his niece in front of her boyfriend and other patients. The nurse, during her dinner break, discussed pati ent’s medical issues with three nurses not involved in the patient’s care and requested their opinion. The nurse also violated the Code of Ethic Provision 3, which states that nurses have the duty to safeguard patient’s privacy and only share the pertinent information necessary for treatment with those who are participating in the care of the patient. Code of ethics, 2001). Professional conduct of the nurses The comments made by the nurses in the cafeteria were unprofessional, unethical and derogatory. These comments reflect that they were not conducting themselves in accordance with the nursing standards of professional practice. Nurses are not expected to feel warmth towards all human beings, but they cannot treat others with uncaring behavior to justify their feelings or their short comings.Nurses are professionals, and as professionals, nurses are expected to move beyond feelings and provide the same care to every patient regardless of their background, leve l of intelligence, diagnosis or economic status. In the case study the nurses were not: 1) Participating in ongoing educational practices as evidenced by the lack of knowledge of the pre-existing is AD. The nurses did not consider the legal ramifications of not following the patient’s AD requests nor did they respect the patient’s rights to self-determination. ) Providing care in a cultural and sensitive way, as evidenced by calling the patient â€Å"retarded†. Oral defamation – calling patient â€Å"retarded† – is slander. 3) Respectful of the patient’s moral worth nor did they give dignity to the patient, in respect to his living situation by the statement â€Å"he is already in a nursing home† The Code of Ethics, an integral part of what professional nursing stands for, addresses the fact that nurses have a commitment to the well being of their patients.It requires that nurses act as advocates by being vigilant and taking ac tion when inappropriate dealings, such as unethical or questionable practices, are being carried out, and may jeopardize a patient’s care. It is the ethical responsibility of the nurse to report to administration the nurses’ practices and lack of knowledge and the cavalier attitude towards HIPAA. It is an integral part of nursing not to remain silent when substandard care is known and practices that do not align with the nursing code of ethics are being used.The conduct that does not follow the nurse principles also will not align with place of work policies. These nurses should be reported to supervisors for counseling, education and corrective actions. Some issues are so severe that nurses are mandated to report offenses to authorities such as the Board of Registered Nursing, Nursing Organization, and HIPAA. In conclusion, the above case study identifies a case where several standards were compromised in protecting patients’ rights, privacy and protecting pati ent from harm.Through knowledge and competency in following the Nursing Practice Act as well as the Code of Ethics, one can always ensure uncompromised patient care and safety in practice. References Board of Registered Nurse. The Registered Nurse as Patient Advocate [Regulations]. Sacramento, CA: (Reprint from the BRN Report – Winter 1987). Retrieved from: http://www. rn. ca. gov/pdfs/regulations/npr-i-11. pdf America Nursing Association (2010). In Scope and Standards of Practice (2nd edition). Silver Spring, Maryland: Nursesbooks. org. America Nursing Association (2001).Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements (2001 edition). Silver Spring, Maryland: nursingbooks. org. Advance Directive Form. (PS-X-MHS-842 Rev. 2-04). Retrieved from: http://ag. ca. gov/consumers/pdf/AHCDS1. pdf Roux, G. ; Halstead, J. A. (2009). Issues and Trends in Nursing. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. U. S Department of Health and Human Services. (October 2007). Adv ance Directives and Advance Care Planning for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities. Retrieved from: http://aspe. hhs. gov/daltcp/reports/2007/adacp. htm#who (Roux ; Halstead, 2009)

Breast Milk And Formula On Obesity Essays

Breast Milk And Formula On Obesity Essays Breast Milk And Formula On Obesity Paper Breast Milk And Formula On Obesity Paper Essay Topic: East Of Eden Childhood obesity is a health issue that is of significant concern throughout the United States and the rest of the world. Homer and Simpson (2007) cite childhood obesity as probably the most urgent aspect of healthcare that needs to be addressed in the U.S. population in both the short and long run and believe that failure to address the issue urgently will further threaten the health and wellbeing of citizens. Considerable attention has been paid to this health issue on the part of policy makers at both the state and federal levels. However despite all this attention there appears to be very little in the form of effective strategies that are being put in place to tackle the issue with any sort of urgency. This failure of effective policy measures may be as a result of an absence of enough empirical evidence pointing definitively to the precise causes of childhood obesity. Once such is lacking it is very difficult to develop policies that will effectively target the issue and reflect any improvement in either the long or short run. Lawson (2007) indicates that dietary practices have an influence on infant growth and development even while the child is still in the womb. The role of early nutrition in putting infants at increased risked of developing obesity has been one of the most closely examined areas. This debate usually concerns the issues of breast feeding and formula use in the early years of a child’s development. Researchers have explored, with varying degrees of success the merits of breastfeeding infants as compared to using commercially manufactured formula particularly in the earliest years of a child’s development. Researchers are not agreed on whether the use of infant formula instead of breast feeding puts children at risk for obesity or whether breast feeding is a significant to protect against the development of obesity. Patterns of breastfeeding and formula use The patterns of breastfeeding worldwide give a little clarity as to the basis of the breast-fed versus formula-fed debate. While it is recommended that mothers only provide breast milk for their infants up to six months old (Minda, Molnr, Burus Decsi, 2002; WHO, 2003) it appears that a significant amount of early mothers are unwilling to breastfeed their newborn, according to statistics discussed by Lawson (2007). Only 76% of babies are breastfed at birth. This number drops to 46% by the time the babies reach six weeks and to 21% at six months. These figures do not reflect that breast feeding is done in tandem with other dietary regimens. Shockingly only 10% of mothers feed their babies on exclusively breast milk in the first 24 weeks of life. By this age the majority of mothers have already begun introducing weaning foods or infant formula. While it is true that some mothers are unable to produce enough milk to satisfy nutritional needs as the child matures, far too many are eliminating breast milk completely from the diet of their infants or introducing breast milk substitutes too early. Evidently many mothers are using formulas as the primary or exclusive food source for their infants (Lawson, 2007). Health professionals are finding it increasingly difficult to encourage new mothers to breast feed their babies. Efforts via the media and breast feeding programs do not appear to be very effective in improving the rate of breast feeding in countries throughout the world. The United Kingdom is believed to be one of the worst affected with regards to breast feeding. The World Health Organization (2003) reveals that 31% of UK mothers as compared to 2% in Sweden make no attempt at breastfeeding their newborn. Various factors seem to be associated with unwillingness to breastfeed. Age is one of the most pertinent factors with statistics revealing that 40% of mothers aged below 24 make no attempt at breastfeeding (Hyman Stanner, 2004). Non-breastfeeding mothers often cite reasons such as tenderness of nipples and the baby refusing the breast as reasons for not breastfeeding. Additionally some mothers argue that they are producing insufficient milk to adequately meet the needs of the baby thus by anywhere between one week and four months an alternative food source has to be supplied. Some mothers have to return to work and thus unable to continue breastfeeding. Socioeconomic class is also significant in determining willingness to breastfeed. Mothers in the lower socioeconomic classes have been shown to be less apt to breast feed. Ethnicity also plays a role as ethnic minorities are more likely to breastfeed than whites (Hyman Stanner, 2004). Comparison of infant formula and breast milk Scientists have pointed out that the nutritional and energy composition of breast milk varies considerably from that of infant formula. Scientists have indicated that the human breast milk is the most appropriate diet for babies as it contains, in adequate quantities, the nutrients required by the baby (Hosoi et al., 2005; Lawson, 2007). Though infant formulas are safe substitutes to breast milk they are still not optimal for infants. Lawson (2007) points out that unmodified milk from other mammals is not suitable for infants during the first year of life. Breast milk is a very complex biological fluid and Lawson (2007) points out that it contains well over 300 components. It has long been established that, with all the technological efficiencies available to man, it is very difficult and practically impossible to replicate in baby formula all the contents of human breast milk. One very important difference between human breast milk and infant formulas is in their fatty acid content. Minda et al. (2002) indicates that breast milk contains all the essential fatty acids, linoleic, a-linolenic, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. The importance of fat in the diet of developing infants cannot be overstated. Infants up to age one obtain as much as 50% of their energy requirements from the fat present in milk. Fats serve a variety of functions in the new born system in addition to providing energy. The infant body is unable to produce fatty acids and other lipids in sufficient amounts to meet their developmental needs. Fats therefore help to supply these acids and lipids as well as vitamins A, D, E and K. Human breast milk contains these essential fatty acids but these are only present in limited amounts in formulas. Long chain fatty acids especially are also essential for effective development brain membranes and the nervous system so that infant formulas which do not adequately duplicate the amount of long chain fatty acids present in human breast milk may develop deficiencies in their nervous tissue (Lawson, 2007). The energy requirements obtained from fats should decrease between ages three and five. Human breast milk is dynamic in that it changes its composition as the child develops, varying the proportion of nutrients it contains so that with continued lactation the fat content of breast milk decreases. Infant formulas do not have this characteristic and thus infants fed on formula may tend to be fed too much of a particular nutrient at critical points during their development (Lawson, 2007). Formula-fed infants have been shown to have higher energy content than those fed on breast milk which may explain the tendency to gain more weight. The hormonal contents of breast milk and infant formula also vary. Human breast milk has a variety of hormones which impact positively the growth, development and metabolism of the newborn. Infant formulas, however, are unable to reproduce these biological hormones (Lawson, 2007).

Make a Science Fair Poster or Display

Make a Science Fair Poster or Display The first step to creating a successful science project display is to read the rules concerning the size and types of materials allowed. Unless you are required to present your project on a single board, I recommend a tri-fold cardboard or heavy poster board display. This is a central piece of cardboard/posterboard with two fold-out wings. The folding aspect not only helps the display support itself, but it is also great protection for the interior of the board during transport. Avoid wooden displays or flimsy poster board. Make sure the display will fit inside any vehicle that is required for transportation. Organization and Neatness Organize your poster using the same sections as are listed in the report. Print each section using a computer, preferably with a laser printer, so that bad weather wont cause the ink to run. Put a title for each section at its top, in letters large enough to be seen from several feet away (very large font size). The focal point of your display should be your purpose and hypothesis. Its great to include photos and bring your project with you  if it is allowed and space permits. Try to arrange your presentation in a logical manner on the board. Feel free to use color to make your presentation stand out. In addition to recommending laser printing, my personal preference is to use a sans serif font because such fonts tend to be easier to read from a distance. As with the report, check spelling, grammar, and punctuation. TitleFor a science fair, you probably want a catchy, clever title. Otherwise, try to make it an accurate description of the project. For example, I could entitle a project, Determining Minimum NaCl Concentration that can be Tasted in Water. Avoid unnecessary words, while covering the essential purpose of the project. Whatever title you come up with, get it critiqued by friends, family, or teachers. If you are using a tri-fold board, the title usually is placed at the top of the middle board.PicturesIf at all possible, include color photographs of your project, samples from the project, tables, and graphs. Photos and objects are visually appealing and interesting.Introduction and PurposeSometimes this section is called Background. Whatever its name, this section introduces the topic of the project, notes any information already available, explains why you are interested in the project, and states the purpose of the project.The Hypothesis or QuestionExplicitly state your hypothesis or question. Materials and MethodsList the materials you used in your project and describe the procedure that you used to perform the project. If you have a photo or diagram of your project, this is a good place to include it.Data and ResultsData and Results are not the same thing. Data refers to the actual numbers or other information you obtained in your project. If you can, present the data in a table or graph. The Results section is where the data is manipulated or the hypothesis is tested. Sometimes this analysis will yield tables, graphs, or charts, too. More commonly, the Results section will explain the significance of the data or will involve a statistical test.ConclusionThe Conclusion focuses on the Hypothesis or Question as it compares to the Data and Results. What was the answer to the question? Was the hypothesis supported (keep in mind a hypothesis cannot be proved, only disproved)? What did you find out from the experiment? Answer these questions first. Then, depending on your answ ers, you may wish to explain ways in which the project might be improved or introduce new questions that have come up as a result of the project. This section is judged not only by what you were able to conclude  but also by your recognition of areas where you could ​not draw valid conclusions based on your data. ReferencesYou may need to cite references or provide a bibliography for your project. In some cases, this is pasted onto the poster. Other science fairs prefer that you simply print it out and have it available, placed below or beside the poster. Be Prepared Most of the time, you will need to accompany your presentation, explain your project, and answer questions. Sometimes the presentations have time limits. Practice what you are going to say, out loud, to a person or at least a mirror. If you can give your presentation to a person, practice having a question and answer session. On the day of the presentation, dress neatly, be polite, and smile! Congratulations on a successful science project!

IMC (INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IMC (INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION) - Essay Example Their commitment towards brand building with the dedication of its staff and employees and more so the devotion in terms of time and hard work is something that needs to be understood in the proper perspectives before we delve any further into this equation. The mission of JWT is to recognize the talents of the people who are the very best and nothing less is ever tolerated or compromised upon. It is because of this ideology that JWT has been able to create brands which have broken the clutter; no matter the campaign was of US origin or one that a short term tactical tilt to it, even in Australia. The belief and dependence on time is something that holds a lot of importance for the agency staff and it is apparent from their working regimes as well. The major competitors of JWT in terms of agency work and media buying include McCann Erickson, Saatchi & Saatchi, Foote, Cone and Belding (FCB), Leo Burnett and so on and so forth. [JWT] The current clients of JWT Worldwide include Unilever, Vodafone, HSBC, Ford, Kraft Foods, Shell, Rolex, Reckitt Benckiser, Pfizer, Nestle, Kellogg’s, Domino’s Pizza, Diageo and a host of others. Unilever is handled by JWT in more than seventy nations across the globe and thus it goes to show that the products of Unilever are marketed, advertised and promoted courtesy JWT. [Unilever] Unilever is one of the biggest revenue generating units in the world and more so, within the US and European markets. The efforts and endeavors of Unilever have made their due mark even in the developing markets like India, Pakistan and United Arab Emirates to name a few, where there has been seen tremendous growth. Domino’s Pizza chains are handled by JWT across the United States. It was about a decade back, in the year 1996 that the agency took over the advertising and promotion handling of the pizza chain which at the present times is one of the most developing and promising acros s the foods category

Willingness to Listen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Willingness to Listen - Essay Example So I resort to varied listening strategies while communicating with others. In some cases I really listen to others with apt attention and concentration. In less serious communications I try to have a general grasp over what the other person is saying, while being engaged in some other task. In some communications which tend to be very general and repetitive, I just pretend that I am listening to the other person. So having a moderate willingness to listen is fairly normal and pragmatic. Practically speaking, one simply cannot assign the same energy and time to all types of interpersonal communications. Yes, there is no denying the fact that my willingness to listen measure as evinced by the Willingness to Listen website was indeed correct for me. I do extend varying degrees of attention and concentration to varied types of interpersonal communications, depending on the seriousness, utility and importance of a particular

Visual culture of cosmetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual culture of cosmetics - Essay Example In life,a woman is both a generation of red roses which passes its genetics properly to the following off-springs and the rose in the hair of a baby child when attending another womans wedding:a symbol of the cycle of life(a child comes from love,grows in love and embarks on the ship of love to the next home that it will nourish in the following family.)this is the cycle of womanhood in life as properly as possible the more the woman is more intellectual and thoughtful and caring and loving and unbalanced in her life. Women are schools of thoughts,the better they are raised,the better the off-springs of following generations there are. Photo one is about intellect:the woman in her early years of understanding life through reading and becoming the next Jane Austen of her age and what she admires most in life is loving intellect and for women to be empowered to be the most well bred beings which are the pride of the fathers and families instead of the pride in men because of gender preferentials. Photo two is about family:when a woman is intellectual there is a greater chance of her becoming a better mother for the family. The best civilization that could portray women is the Ancient Egyptian. This civilization shows women to be the reason why such civilization flourished:because women knew where to stand in society and raised men who lead an empire to its eternity. Photo three is about maternal love:with a well nourished and fearless child surrounded by motherly love he or she could rise in life and be a soaring eagle when in the upper parts of the atmosphere and still breathe the fresh air and not choke or suffocate of any kind of fumes as it will be able to flourish and nurture its ambitions under all conditions having the base of such ambition strong and well bred through the main source of it:the mother. Photo four is about the future in the eyes of the child:the mother works for the child and is best seen as someone who loves to be

Ukraine Facts Essay Example for Free

Ukraine Facts Essay Ukraine is located in southeastern Europe, occupying the northern shore of the Black Sea. Its former ruler, Russia, borders it to the east and northeast, with Belarus to the north and Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Moldova to the west. Europe’s second-largest nation (behind Russia), it occupies 603,700 square miles in area, 56% percent of which includes rich arable land, found in the nation’s plains (steppes) and plateaus; only the far western and Crimean regions are relatively mountainous and the nation’s highest point, Hora Hoverla, is 6762 feet above sea level (The World Factbook). The Dnieper River, Ukraine’s most important waterway, bisects the country and is the location of the capital, Kiev. Its climate and precipitation vary greatly, with the Crimea enjoying a Mediterranean climate and cool winters. The remainder of the country is temperate, with generally warm summers and winters varying from moderately to extremely cold. History Though modern Ukrainian independence arrived in 1991, after the Soviet Union dissolved, it was a strong nation in the tenth and eleventh centuries, before internal divisions and foreign invasions placed it under Polish and Lithuanian rule for several centuries. Between the mid-seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries, Ukrainian Cossacks (the nomadic peoples known for their horsemanship and fighting skill) helped win the nation its independence. However, Ukraine fell under Russian rule in the late eighteenth century and remained Russian-controlled, except for a brief period between 1917 and 1920. During Russia’s rule, Ukraine was afflicted by famines (particularly in 1921-22 and 1932-33) which killed over eight million citizens, and it suffered considerably during World War II, losing an additional eight million during the Nazi invasion and subsequent Soviet offensive (The World Factbook). Though Ukraine achieved independence again in 1991, it remained a dictatorship under some degree of Russian control, afflicted by corruption that stymied efforts at political and economic reform. The 2004 election of reformer Viktor Yushchenko as president (despite the opposition’s efforts to rig the election and poison the pro-democracy candidate) marks a potential turning point in Ukrainian history Culture Despite its long periods of foreign occupation, Ukraine has managed to retain its distinctive culture, particularly its language, which closely resembles Russian and uses the Cyrillic alphabet like most other Slavic languages. However, its ethnic minorities continue to use their own languages, though (mainly Russian, with small pockets of Poles, Rumanians, and Hungarians). Communist rule discouraged religion, but since 1991 Ukraine’s religious practices revived, with slightly less than half of the population adhering to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. Slightly more than one-third of Ukrainians still practice no religion or belong to no church, while there also rather small minorities of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews (The World Factbook). After attaining independence, Ukraine was slow to adopt democracy, though calls for reform and Yushchenko’s election signal the nation’s desire to orient itself toward Western Europe and adopt both democracy and a free-market economy. Its economy, initially slow to prosper, has opened itself to foreign business and improved within the last few years. REFERENCES Anonymous. (1996). Welcome to Ukraine. Retrieved 30 January 2006 from http://www. ukraine. org/. (2006). CIA – The World Factbook – Ukraine. Retrieved 30 January 2006 from http://www. cia. gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/up. htm

Experiencing Slavery Through Octavia Butlers Kindred Essay -- Octavia

Authors of fiction often write about the human condition as a way to connect with a broad range of readers. Unlike factual textbooks, fiction gives characters feeling and emotion, allowing us to see the story behind the basic details. In many cases, readers gain a new perspective on a period of time by examining a fiction novel. In Kindred, by Octavia Butler, the near death experiences of Rufus Weylin transports a 20th century African American woman named Dana to the ante bellum South to experience exactly what it’s like to be a slave. Through her day-to-day life on the Weylin plantation, the reader begins to understand just how complex slavery is and how it affects both the slaves and the plantation owners; thus, giving new meaning and an added sense of realism to this 19th century practice of exploitation. On the surface, slavery was a system in which Africans were bought and sold as property. However, by reading Kindred, the reader begins to realize that the system was much more complex. In other words, both plantation owners and slaves focused on retaining their property or staying alive, respectively. Butler illustrates this throughout the text. Seen as inferior and subhuman by whites, slaves were often only able to trust and rely on each other. When Dana is transported to the 19th century, she realizes her need to escape. However, the only way she can do this is by allowing Rufus to lead her in the right direction. As he does this, she wonders whether he is setting a trap for her. She says, â€Å"I realized suddenly how easy it would be for him to betray me—to open the door and run away or shout an alarm† (32). In addition to illustrating a lack of trust for whites, this scene also depi... ...up call. Work Cited Butler, Octavia. Kindred. Boston: Beacon Press, 1979. Hairston, Andrea. â€Å"Octavia Butler – Praise Song to a Prophetic Artist.† Daughters of Earth: Feminist Science Fiction in the Twentieth Century. Middeltown: Wesleyan University Press, 2006. Works Consulted Alaimo, Stacey. â€Å"’Skin Dreaming': the Bodily Transgerssions of Fielding Burke, Octavia Butler, and Linda Hogan.† Ecofeminist Literary Criticism. Chicago: University of Illinois Press,1998. Francis Consuela, ed. Conversations with Octavia Butler. Jackson: University Press Mississippi, 2010. Govan, Sandra Y. â€Å"Homage to Tradition: Octavia Butler Renovates the Historical Novel† Melus 13 Nos. 1-2 (spring-summer 1986): 79-96 Mitchell, Angelyn. â€Å"Not Enough of the Past: Feminist Revisions of Slavery in Octavia E. Butler’s â€Å"Kindred.†Ã¢â‚¬  Melus, Vol 26, No #, 2001

Romeo and Juliet vs Wesi Side Story

Rooney 1 Samuel Rooney Danielle Cornum English 9 30 January 2012 Similarities and Differences of Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story No one goes through all of life without the knowledge of these two timeless classics: West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet. These films are each a great literary work that defines the true meaning of life, sorrows and love. We all have knowledge of Shakespeare’s original Romeo and Juliet. In 1957 Leonard Bernstein created a Broadway Musical with a plot similar to Romeo and Juliet.As well as this film, Baz Luhrmann created a film in 1996 using the exact play write from the original Romeo and Juliet set in modern times. Luhrmann entitled his film simple, Romeo and Juliet. These two timeless tales can be compared in many ways, such as: the differences and similarities Romeo and tony, the differences and similarities of each of the fighting scenes, and the differences and similarities of the wedding scene. Rome and Tony are two of the most complex c haracters in all of literature. They can be compared and contrasted in many ways.The two different characters each have their very own attitude, this sets them apart but also brings the similarities out. â€Å"Ay me! Sad hours seem long. Was that my father that went hence so fast? (Lit Book) when you first come upon Romeo he is sad and lovesick. On the contrary when you first come upon Tiny he is very upbeat and joking Rooney 2 with his friends; two very different attitudes. The actions of these two are also very good examples of comparing and contrasting the similarities and differences between Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story. What shall this speech be spoken for our excuse? Or shall we go on without apology? † (Lit Book) Romeo is very reluctant to go to the party, he is nervous and scared. On the contrary, Tony is happy and excited to go the party, he welcomes the challenge to meet new women. Last but not least both Rome and Tony are hopeless Romantics, and there is no cure for such a disease as romanticism. â€Å"It is I my lady. Oh, it is my love! Oh, that she knew she were! (Lit Book) they both have a very potent form of love. They cannot get over Juliet in Romeo’s case and Maria in Tony’s case.Hopeless Romanticism is the most common similarity that Tony and Romeo have. Many more similarities and differences can be found, these are the main points that have been brought to attention for this particular essay. Many think that these two fighting scenes are straight forward and not complex, but on the contrary there are many similarities and differences. In Romeo and Juliet the fighting scene is somewhat of a duel, and not a full on combat such as in West Side Story. â€Å"Romeo, the love I bear for thee can afford. No better term than this: thou art a villain. † In Romeo and Juliet Tybalt challenges